跳至主要内容
版本：11.x

输入和输出验证器

tRPC 过程可以为其输入和/或输出定义验证逻辑，验证器也用于推断输入和输出的类型。我们对许多流行的验证器提供了原生支持，您可以 集成 我们不支持的验证器。

输入验证器​

通过定义输入验证器，tRPC 可以检查过程调用是否正确，如果错误则返回验证错误。

要设置输入验证器，请使用 procedure.input() 方法

ts
// Our examples use Zod by default, but usage with other libraries is identical
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const name = opts.input.name;
             
const name: string
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${opts.input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
ts
// Our examples use Zod by default, but usage with other libraries is identical
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const name = opts.input.name;
             
const name: string
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${opts.input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});

输入合并​

.input() 可以堆叠起来构建更复杂的类型，这在您想将一些通用输入用于 中间件 中的一组过程中时特别有用。

ts
const baseProcedure = t.procedure
  .input(z.object({ townName: z.string() }))
  .use((opts) => {
    const input = opts.input;
           
const input: {
    townName: string;
}
 
    console.log(`Handling request with user from: ${input.townName}`);
 
    return opts.next();
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: baseProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const input = opts.input;
             
const input: {
    townName: string;
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${input.name}, my friend from ${input.townName}`,
      };
    }),
});
ts
const baseProcedure = t.procedure
  .input(z.object({ townName: z.string() }))
  .use((opts) => {
    const input = opts.input;
           
const input: {
    townName: string;
}
 
    console.log(`Handling request with user from: ${input.townName}`);
 
    return opts.next();
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: baseProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const input = opts.input;
             
const input: {
    townName: string;
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${input.name}, my friend from ${input.townName}`,
      };
    }),
});

输出验证器​

验证输出并不总是像定义输入那样重要，因为 tRPC 通过推断过程的返回类型为您提供了自动类型安全性。定义输出验证器的一些原因包括

  • 检查从不受信任的来源返回的数据是否正确
  • 确保您不会向客户端返回比必要更多的数据
info

如果输出验证失败，服务器将返回 INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR。

ts
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      return {
        gre,
           
  • greeting
      };
    }),
});
ts
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      return {
        gre,
           
  • greeting
      };
    }),
});

最基本的验证器：函数​

您可以使用函数定义验证器，而无需任何第三方依赖项。

info

我们不建议您创建自定义验证器，除非您有特殊需要，但了解这里没有魔法很重要——它只是typescript！

在大多数情况下，我们建议您使用 验证库

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Input is not a string');
    })
    .output((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Output is not a string');
    })
    .query((opts) => {
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: string
      return `hello ${input}`;
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Input is not a string');
    })
    .output((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Output is not a string');
    })
    .query((opts) => {
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: string
      return `hello ${input}`;
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

库集成​

tRPC 开箱即用地支持许多流行的验证和解析库。以下是我们正式维护支持的验证器的一些使用示例。

使用 Zod​

Zod 是我们的默认推荐，它拥有强大的生态系统，使其成为在代码库的多个部分中使用的绝佳选择。如果您没有自己的意见，并且想要一个不会限制未来需求的强大库，那么 Zod 是一个不错的选择。

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Yup​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as yup from 'yup';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      yup.object({
        name: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      yup.object({
        greeting: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as yup from 'yup';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      yup.object({
        name: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      yup.object({
        greeting: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Superstruct​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { object, string } from 'superstruct';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(object({ name: string() }))
    .output(object({ greeting: string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { object, string } from 'superstruct';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(object({ name: string() }))
    .output(object({ greeting: string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 scale-ts​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as $ from 'scale-codec';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input($.object($.field('name', $.str)))
    .output($.object($.field('greeting', $.str)))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    readonly name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as $ from 'scale-codec';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input($.object($.field('name', $.str)))
    .output($.object($.field('greeting', $.str)))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    readonly name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Typia​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import typia from 'typia';
import { v4 } from 'uuid';
import { IBbsArticle } from '../structures/IBbsArticle';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  store: publicProcedure
    .input(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle.IStore>())
    .output(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle>())
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        id: v4(),
        writer: input.writer,
        title: input.title,
        body: input.body,
        created_at: new Date().toString(),
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import typia from 'typia';
import { v4 } from 'uuid';
import { IBbsArticle } from '../structures/IBbsArticle';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  store: publicProcedure
    .input(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle.IStore>())
    .output(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle>())
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        id: v4(),
        writer: input.writer,
        title: input.title,
        body: input.body,
        created_at: new Date().toString(),
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 ArkType​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { type } from 'arktype';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(type({ name: 'string' }).assert)
    .output(type({ greeting: 'string' }).assert)
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { type } from 'arktype';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(type({ name: 'string' }).assert)
    .output(type({ greeting: 'string' }).assert)
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 runtypes​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as T from 'runtypes';
 
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(T.Record({ name: T.String }))
    .output(T.Record({ greeting: T.String }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as T from 'runtypes';
 
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(T.Record({ name: T.String }))
    .output(T.Record({ greeting: T.String }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Valibot​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { wrap } from '@typeschema/valibot';
import { object, string } from 'valibot';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(wrap(object({ name: string() })))
    .output(wrap(object({ greeting: string() })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: any
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { wrap } from '@typeschema/valibot';
import { object, string } from 'valibot';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(wrap(object({ name: string() })))
    .output(wrap(object({ greeting: string() })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: any
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 @robolex/sure​

如果需要，您可以定义自己的错误类型和错误抛出函数。为了方便起见，@robolex/sure 提供了 sure/src/err.ts

ts
// sure/src/err.ts
export const err = (schema) => (input) => {
  const [good, result] = schema(input);
  if (good) return result;
  throw result;
};
ts
// sure/src/err.ts
export const err = (schema) => (input) => {
  const [good, result] = schema(input);
  if (good) return result;
  throw result;
};
ts
import { err, object, string } from '@robolex/sure';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      err(
        object({
          name: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .output(
      err(
        object({
          greeting: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { err, object, string } from '@robolex/sure';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      err(
        object({
          name: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .output(
      err(
        object({
          greeting: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

贡献您自己的验证器库​

如果您正在开发支持 tRPC 用法的验证器库，请随时为本页打开一个 PR，其中包含与这里其他示例等效的使用方式，以及指向您文档的链接。

在大多数情况下，与 tRPC 的集成就像满足几个现有的类型接口一样简单，但在某些情况下，我们可能会接受 PR 来添加一个新的支持接口。请随时打开一个问题进行讨论。您可以在这里查看现有的支持接口